Zinc borates;
Nonlinear optical properties;
Deep-ultraviolet;
Second harmonic generation
ABSTRACT
Four zinc borates, MNa9ZnB16O28(OH)4 (M = K, Rb, Cs; 1−3) and Na3ZnB5O10 (4) have been made under solvothermal conditions. Compounds 1−3 are isostructural and contain an unprecedented [B16O28(OH)4]12− cluster constructed from eight B3O3 rings sharing BO4 tetrahedra. The clusters further link with ZnO4 tetrahedra to form one-dimensional (1-D) chains, which further assemble into a 3-D supramolecular framework through hydrogen bonds. 4 was made by raising the reaction temperature of 1 and features a porous-layer structure composed of [B4O9]6−clusters, BO3 units and ZnO4 tetrahedra. All compounds exhibit short deep ultraviolet (DUV) cutoff edges below 190 nm. Notably, 1−3 crystallize in the acentric space group I−4 and display second harmonic generation (SHG) responses of approximately 1.26, 1.30 and 1.32 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP), respectively, highlighting their potential as DUV nonlinear optical materials.