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Two-dimensional atomic crystals for third-order nonlinear optical modulation
Li Zhou†, Fengyu Li†, Zhou Lu, Yingwei Wang*, Jun He*
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100772
ABSTRACT
In the application of nonlinear optical components, ideal nonlinear optical media typically need to possess high nonlinear absorption coefficients and large modulation depths, among other characteristics. The extreme thinness of two-dimensional (2D) materials, typically at the atomic scale, offers significant advantages in miniaturized optoelectronic devices. However, this also reduces the effective light-matter interaction length, ultimately limiting the achievable interaction intensity. To enhance their nonlinear optical response and unlock their full potential in nanophotonics, current research primarily focuses on two directions: one is to develop novel 2D quantum-confined material systems with enhanced intrinsic nonlinear optical responses; the other is to design effective performance modulation strategies based on nonlinear optical theory to enable precise regulation of nonlinear optical properties. Here, recent progress in tailoring third-order nonlinear optical responses of 2D materials is systematically reviewed here. Various strategies for modulating and enhancing third-order nonlinear optical responses in 2D materials are comprehensively discussed, which can be systematically classified into intrinsic regulation and light-matter interaction modulation. Moreover, the remaining challenges in modulating third-order nonlinear optical responses of 2D materials and perspectives on future research directions are discussed.
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