Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water-splitting holds huge promise for resolving the current energy shortage and environmental issues. Nevertheless, it is still challenging so far to develop non-noble-metal photocatalysts which are efficient toward solar-powered hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, through an ultrasonic water-bath strategy combined with solvothermal and electrostatic assembly processes, we obtain homogeneous Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ hybrid nano-spheres consisting of Cd_1-xZn_xS solid solutions decorated by Ni₂P and 1T/2H MoS₂ cocatalysts, which demonstrate excellent activity and stability for visible-light-responsive (l  > 420 nm) H₂ production. Specifically, the Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ nano-spheres with 2 wt% Ni₂P and 0.2 wt% MoS₂ (CZ_0.7S–2N–0.2M) exhibit the optimal HER activity of 55.77 mmol∙g^-1∙h^-1, about 47 and 32 times more than that of CZ_0.7S and Pt–CZ_0.7S, respectively. The outstanding HER performance of Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ can be ascribed to the presence of abundant HER active sites in Ni₂P nanoparticles and 1T/2H MoS₂ nanosheets as well as the effective transfer and separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the coupling sequence of cocatalysts in Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ is found to be critical in the regulation of charge transfer pathways and thus the resultant photocatalytic efficiency. The results displayed here could facilitate the engineering of high-performance photocatalysts employing multi-component cocatalysts for sustainable solar-to-fuel conversion.