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Recent advances in efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production from material design, mechanism understanding to future perspectives
Yu Jiang, Enguo Xiang, Ting Zhu*, Long Huang*, Jingwei Li, Kessara Seneesrisakul, Ruchun Li*
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjsc.2026.101001
Photocatalysis; H2O2 production; Fundamental mechanisms; Structure modulation; Active site engineering; Heterojunction
ABSTRACT
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) attracts significant attention due to its extensive applications in bleaching, pollution removal, medical care, and chemical synthesis. Photocatalysis has been considered as a promising alternative for H2O2 production, which can directly convert solar energy into chemical energy by using water and oxygen as raw materials. However, it suffers from the limited light absorption range, high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers, and the scarcity of active sites. This review summarizes the recent advances in photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2. The fundamental mechanisms were highlighted to profoundly understand the photochemical process of H2O2 production. Various modification strategies were generalized based on electronic structure modulation, active site engineering, and charge carrier management. Then, the representative photocatalysts for solar H2O2 production were reviewed in detail, and the correlation among structure, performance, and selectivity was comprehensively discussed by the in-situ characterization combined with theoretical calculations. Finally, this review points out future research directions focusing on stability, full-spectrum response, development of new materials, and large-scale production. This review aims to provide insights and guidance for developing efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for H2O2 production.
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