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Dynamic hydrapores in a COF monolayer: Hydration-layer merging and squeezing for monovalent ion sieving

Zilin Wang, Haijian Li*, Hongyi Gao*

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjsc.2026.101128

ABSTRACT

From a framework-pore chemistry perspective, several structural questions remain. How can the spacing and arrangement of hydroxyl and imine coordination sites be controlled to regulate ion anchoring at the pore rim? Can the hydrapore mechanism be extended to COFs with different pore geometries and linker chemistries? Establishing quantitative relationships between pore size, the local chemical environment of binding sites, and hydration-layer interactions would help identify the structural conditions that favour selective transport. These questions should guide further framework design, alongside practical efforts toward large-area fabrication and sustained operation under complex feed conditions. The study thus motivates the design of ion-selective pores through coordinated control of the framework, bound ions, and confined water.

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